经典美洲种

牛牛

Leading American Varieties

协和 Concord

协和上种植更多种类的土壤下比任何其他的美国葡萄品种更广泛的气候条件。 Concord is grown on a greater variety of soils and under a wider range of climatic conditions than any other variety of American grape. 藤蔓的是积极和富有成效的，早在10月中旬在纽约成熟。 Its vine is vigorous and productive, ripening in early to mid-October in New York. 在协和水果的多种用途是否适合给了它一个很大的市场潜力。 The suitability of Concord fruit for multiple purposes gives it a large market potential. 它是甜果汁，果冻最重要的品种，保存，也是数量用于葡萄酒生产和销售新市场。 It is the most important variety for sweet juice, jelly, and preserves, and it is also used in quantity for wine production and fresh market sales. 协和生产中小型轴承大集群，蓝黑色浆果。 Concord produces medium-sized clusters bearing large, blue-black berries. 这是典型的美国五 It is typical of the American V. labrusca衍生有一个艰难的皮肤很容易分隔从稀烂肉（slipskin）葡萄。 labrusca -derived grapes in having a tough skin which separates readily from the pulpy flesh (slipskin). 的突出水果， 五 The pronounced fruity, V. labrusca协和风味使它成为理想的甜点葡萄。 labrusca flavor of Concord makes it a desirable dessert grape. 它是全球领先的表在纽约葡萄品种。 It is the leading table grape variety in New York. 然而，皮肤开裂 ， 过度收获后炮击，以及种子的存在，限制其作此用途。 However, skin cracking and excessive post harvest shelling, as well as the presence of seeds, limit its use for this purpose. 协和和其他品种相对特点载列于表2和3。 Relative characteristics of Concord and other varieties are listed in Tables2and3. 更多关于康科德葡萄信息 ， 可在一个单独的出版物（Zabadal等。，1988）。 More information on the Concord grape may be found in a separate publication (Zabadal et al., 1988).

卡托巴 Catawba

卡托巴是一个具有浓厚的辛辣味slipskin葡萄五 Catawba is a spicy flavored slipskin grape with a pronounced V. labrusca香气。 labrusca aroma. 这是非常发达的19世纪初。 It was developed in the very early 1800's. 为了达到在纽约完全成熟，卡托巴需要生长期长有利的网站。 In order to reach full maturity in New York, Catawba requires favorable sites with long growing seasons. 葡萄藤也积极，吃苦耐劳和生产，但叶子有点更容易受到比协和的真菌疾病（表2）。 The vines are vigorous, hardy and productive, but the foliage is somewhat more susceptible to fungal diseases than that of Concord (Table 2). 卡托巴叶片损伤也经历臭氧污染情况发生。高酸度可能会在某些年份的问题。 Catawba also experiences foliar injury where ozone pollution occurs. High acidity may be a problem in some years. 主要用途为白色或粉红色的甜酒，但是它也用于果汁生产和销售 ， 以及新鲜。 Primary usage is for white or pink dessert wines, but it is also used for juice production and marketed fresh as well.

尼亚加拉 Niagara

Niagara是一种花卉，强烈风味白葡萄果汁，葡萄酒和新鲜的消费。 Niagara is a floral, strongly flavored white grape used for juice, wine and fresh consumption. 名列下面康抗寒性和熟更早一些。 It ranks below Concord in cold hardiness and ripens somewhat earlier. 在有利的地点，产量可以等于或超过协和的。酸度比大多数其他美国品种低。 On favorable sites, yields can equal or surpass those of Concord. Acidity is lower than for most other American varieties. 它成功地在全国许多地区的纽约。 It is successfully grown in many districts throughout New York.

美国品种种植面积有限

American Varieties of Limited Acreage

特拉华州 Delaware

特拉华州是一个早熟的小浆果，小集群和温和的美国风味的红色品种。 Delaware is an early ripening red variety with small berries, small clusters and a mild American flavor. 这是日本重要的点心品种，但在纽约主要用于果汁和白葡萄酒。 It is an important dessert variety in Japan, yet in New York is used primarily for juice and white wine. 在招标皮肤可能会出现裂缝时 ， 大雨如果实成熟。 The tender skins may crack when rain occurs as the fruits ripen. 特拉华州要求深入，肥沃，排水良好的令人满意的葡萄生长的土壤，良好的管理和土壤等，可能会产生像协和那些高收益率在所有 ， 但最有利的土壤。州，特拉华州应在嫁接根瘤蚜抗砧木 ， 以确保强劲的增长。 Delaware requires a deep, fertile, well-drained soil for satisfactory vine growth, and on such soils, with good management, may produce yields as high as those of Concord. On all but the most favorable soils, Delaware should be grafted on a phylloxera-resistant rootstock to ensure vigorous growth. 一次在纽约的香槟生产珍贵，现在正在取代的种间杂交和葡萄品种数。 Once prized for champagne production in New York, it is now being replaced by several of the interspecific hybrid and vinifera varieties. 特拉华州然而，仍然对葡萄酒质量最高的一个美国品种。 Delaware remains, however, one of the highest quality American varieties for wine.

达切斯 Dutchess

达切斯是一种晚熟V 的白葡萄 Dutchess is a late-ripening white grape of V. 葡萄和五 vinifera and V. labrusca祖先。 labrusca ancestry. 果实有五labrusca比其他品种少血统的美国风味。 The fruit has a less American flavor than other varieties of V. labrusca ancestry. 由于耐冷性相对较低（表2），品种应该只在非常有利的地点种植。 Because of the relatively low cold tolerance (Table 2), the variety should be planted only on very favorable sites. 其他种间杂交品种已基本填写的作用 ， 达切斯一次在纽约葡萄酒生产的作用。 Other interspecific hybrid varieties now largely fill the role that Dutchess once played in New York wine production.

埃尔维拉 Elvira

埃尔维拉是由白葡萄的葡萄拉里帕里亚降临在河边或弗罗斯特葡萄。 Elvira is a white grape which descends from Vitis riparia , the Riverbank or Frost Grape. 该品种熟季节在康科德 ， 是生长在纽约最富有成效的品种之一。 The variety ripens at Concord season and is one of the most productive varieties grown in New York. 它主要用于散装葡萄酒生产。 It is used primarily for bulk wine production. 由于皮薄和群集非常紧凑，在某些季节浆果结果开裂 ， 如果葡萄完全成熟时收获。 Because the skin is thin and the cluster is very compact, cracking of the berries results in some seasons if the grapes are harvested at full maturity. 目前的做法是收获果实开裂前成为问题。 Current practice is to harvest the fruit before cracking becomes a problem. 通常的要高 ， 酸度。 参见图拉 。 The must is typically high in acidity. See also Ventura .

弗雷多尼亚 Fredonia	弗里多尼亚是一个蓝黑色康和式非常大的浆果的成熟大约两个星期康葡萄。 Fredonia is a blue-black Concord-type grape with very large berries that ripen about two weeks Concord. 典型的味道由协和是如此可取的果汁和果冻，是弗雷多尼亚缺乏，但弗雷多尼亚是利用两种果汁生产以及路边鲜食葡萄销售。 The flavor typified by Concord which is so desirable for juice and jelly, is lacking in Fredonia, yet Fredonia is utilized for both juice production as well as roadside table grape sales. 如果仔细修剪，活力和生产可能接近协和水平。 With careful pruning, vigor and production may approach Concord levels. 果实集群易受霜霉病。 The fruit clusters are susceptible to downy mildew.
伊莎贝拉 Isabella	伊莎贝拉是一个老黑，labrusca型品种 ， 主要用于葡萄酒。 Isabella is an old black, labrusca -type variety used primarily for wine. 在世界其他地区的伊莎贝拉是其最常见的类型葡萄之一，但在纽约 ， 是罕见的，有被其他品种取代。低温冷害发生严重的冬天。 In other parts of the world Isabella is one of the most common grapes of its type, but in New York it is rare, having been replaced by other varieties. Cold damage can occur in severe winters.
艾夫斯 Ives	艾夫斯是五 ， 黑葡萄 Ives is a black grape of the V. labrusca类型 ， 用于添加颜色 ， 红葡萄酒和果汁。 labrusca type that is used to add color to red wines and juices. 这是非常受损害的空气污染物，臭氧，这可能会导致减少的活力和生产力。 It is very subject to damage by the air pollutant, ozone, which may cause diminished vigor and productivity.
摩尔的钻石 Moore's Diamond	摩尔的钻石类似的水果和葡萄协和尼亚加拉 ， 是少数白人已用于生产干餐酒美国的品种之一。 Moore's Diamond resembles Niagara in fruit and Concord in vine and is one of the few white American varieties which have been used to produce dry table wine. 也应当作为鲜食葡萄，但皮肤可能会在雨季裂纹。 It is also desirable as a table grape, but the skins may crack during wet seasons.

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