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前些天,为探讨“绿蜜”这个品种的由来以及与白蜜的关系,到Planet Fig、Figs 4 Fun、Trees of Joy、Garden Web Fig Forum以及United States Department of Agriculture网站转了转,正事没办好,却意外地发现了一些有趣的东西,经过比较和粗略的考证,选择了部分自认为可靠的资料翻译出来,或许对减轻无花果品种名称混乱的状况有所助益。
本人虽然对农业和农村很熟悉,但毕竟没学过农学专业,所以错误之处,还请专家指教。
下面的资料(主要引用了Planet Fig的资料,用Figs 4 Fun的资料进行了校正)可以说明,沙漠王(Desert King)就是果王(King),另外还有White King、Charlie两个别名。这个品种是两季果,但秋果较少,而不是很多人传说的只有春果。
对于Alternance这个词,遍查《英汉农业大词典》、《英汉植物学词典》,没找到准确的含义,请行家给予指导。
The exact origin and identity of this tree is not known in the ancient world. Desert King comes from a fig tree found in 1930, near Madera, California.
沙漠王在古代确切的品种来源不为人知。该品种源自1930年在加利福尼亚马德拉(Madera)附近发现的一棵无花果树。(注:California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc的资料说是1920年发现。)
This is a fast growing tree with long and erected branches that the foliage is unable to completely cover, giving the tree a little “bare” appearance. In Spring, to force the tree to produce new ramifications and to prevent it from rising up too rapidly, the terminal buds of few ramified, but strong, branches must be pinched. The result of this pinching is that two or three new lateral branches will appear and will probably already bear new fruits the following year.
沙漠王生长迅速,分枝长而直立,叶子不能完全覆盖树体,外观有一点稀疏。春季,为促使果树分生新的枝杈,并防止生长过快,除了强壮枝外,其他树枝的顶芽必须掐去。摘顶后会分生出两三个侧枝,很可能成为来年的结果母枝。
The resistance to cold is quite strong. No cold damages were ever observed, even in 2013, after two weeks of -15° at night and -10° at day. The fruit buds resist to Winter frost, and to sudden temperatures changes in Spring. Desert King has some resistance against wind, but in very cold, rainy and windy Springs, brebas could significantly fall.
沙漠王具有很强的抗寒能力,即使是2013年,在经历了两个星期夜间-15°、白天-10°的(低温)后,也没有发现受到冻害。(注:这里的温度应该是摄氏度)果芽能抵抗住冬天的霜冻,也能抵抗住春季气温的骤变。沙漠王具有一定抗风能力,但在非常寒冷、多雨和多风的春天,春果落果明显。
This fig tree produces brebas with excellent organoleptic qualities, of large size, melting in the mouth and very sugared. At complete maturity, the skin color changes from light green to pale yellow.
沙漠王能够长出感官质量优秀、个头大的春果,糯并且非常甜。果子完熟后,果皮从浅绿转为浅黄。
The fruit resists quite well to rain showers, but can split in case of long rain periods. It is earlier than most breba varieties by about two weeks, with a fruiting duration that lasts two to three weeks and usually starts in the middle of summer.
沙漠王具有非常强的抗雨能力,但长期多雨会裂果。与大多数春果品种相比,沙漠王的春果大约早两个星期,产果期通常自仲夏开始,持续两至三周。
It is important to that Desert King is one of the most productive, if not the most productive, fig tree for brebas, each branch can bear up to 6-8 fruits.
需要重点强调的是,沙漠王即使不是产量最大,也是最丰产的春果品种之一,每个结果枝座果多达6到8个。
This fig tree also produces a main crop, pyriform and flattened with a dark strawberry pulp. The organoleptic quality of the fruit is exceptional; melting texture, taste reminding of mulberry and strawberry, higher sugar content than the breba fruit with seeds that are felt in the mouth but remaining very pleasant. Finally the fruit possesses a medium skin size and weighs about 47 gr. Unfortunately, a mature tree will only produce 10-20 fruits !
沙漠王也产秋果,外形扁梨状,果肉暗草莓色。感官质量独特,质地糯,有桑椹和草莓的味道,含糖量比春果高,籽感不明显。果形中等大小,47克左右。令人遗憾的是,一棵成树只能产10到20个果实。(注:圣佩德罗型无花果的秋果按照流行说法需要授粉,但Ray's Fig的资料认为,秋果只在某些环境下需要授粉,对于需要授粉的环境是何种环境却未做进一步说明。)
If the tree becomes too tall and large, and that trimming is envisaged in Spring, do not trim back all terminal branches because it would mean annihilating the entire breba crop; ideally trim one branch out of two or out of three.
如果树体长得过于高大,进行春剪回缩时不要把所有的新生枝剪掉,最好是二剪一或三剪二,否则春果没有收成。
To conclude, this fig tree is highly recommendable for its exceptional early crop with numerous brebas fruits, and the excellent resistance to cold.
结论是,这个品种具有优越的春果丰产早产能力和优秀的抗寒能力,非常值得推荐。
General data(综合资料)
Origin(品种来源) United States of America
Synonym(s), local names别名、地方名 White King, King ,Charlie(注:Charlie引自Figs 4 Fun)
Tree type(类型) San Pedro(圣佩德罗型)
Crop(收成) Biferous(两季果)
Tree morphological characteristics(形态特征)
Shape(树形) Erected(直立)
Vigor(树势) Strong(强壮)
Ability to produce suckers(根部分孽能力) Weak(弱)
Height after 10 years(10年树高度) 350 cm
Width after 10 years(10年树宽度) 350 cm
Minimum width(最小种植宽度) 400 cm
Branch morphological characteristics(枝形特征)
Branch color(树枝顔色) Light brown(浅棕色)
Caliber(分枝能力) Medium(中等 )
Buds(芽色) Lemon yellow(柠檬黄)
Leaves morphological characteristics(叶形特征)
Leaves(叶面积) Large(大)
Lobs(叶裂) 3-5
Depth(裂刻深度) Medium sinuses(中度)
Adaptation outside the Mediterranean area(地中海地区之外的适应性)
Cold hardiness(耐寒性) Very good(非常强)
Wind resistant(抗风能力) Very good(非常强)
Pot culture(盆栽)
Breba crop(春果)
Yield(产量) Very Strong(大)
Fruits dropping(落果) Partial fruit drop(易落果)
Alternance(交替,大小年?) None(无)
Sensitivity to splitting(裂果) Resistant(抗裂果)
Crop begin date (day-month)(收获时间 ) Valleiry:27-07(法国Valleiry地区:7月27日)
External characteristics(外观特征)
Skin color(果皮顔色) Yellow(黄色)
Skin thickness(果皮厚度) Thin(薄)
Shape(形状) Pyriform(梨形)
Stalk(果柄) Breaks off readily(易断)
Stalk shape(果柄形状) Short and medium(中短)
Neck(果颈) Medium(中等)
Neck color(果颈顔色) Yellow(黄)
Eye(果目) Medium, opened(中大,开张)
Eye color(果目顔色) Light pink(淡红)
Average weight (grams)(平均重量) 90 g
Internal characteristics(内部特征)
Pulp color(果肉顔色) Light strawberry(浅草莓色)
Seeds(籽感) Felt, medium(中度有感)
Organoleptic evaluation(感官评价)
Texture(质地) Melts in the mouth(糯)
Sugar(糖度) Very sweet(非常甜)
Taste(风味) Excellent(极好)
Perfume(香味) Strong(强烈)
Organoleptic descriptors(感官描述) Floral, Fruity, Dates(具有花香、水果味和椰枣的味道)
Main crop(秋果)
Yield(产量) Weak(小)
Fruits dropping(落果) No fruit drop(不落果)
Alternance(交替,大小年?) Weak(弱)
Sensitivity to splitting(裂果) Very resistant(非常抗裂果)
Crop begin date (day-month)收获时间 Valleiry:30-09(法国Valleiry地区:9月30日)
External characteristics(外观特征)
Skin color(果皮顔色) Yellow(黄色)
Skin thickness(果皮厚度) Thin(薄)
Shape(果形) Pyriform flattened(扁梨形)
Stalk(果柄) Breaks off readily(易断)
Stalk shape(果柄形状) Short and medium(中短)
Neck(果颈) Short(短)
Neck color(果颈顔色) Yellow(黄色)
Eye(果目) Very small, closed (非常小且闭合)
Eye color(果目顔色) Light pink(淡红)
Average weight (grams)(平均重量) 47 g
Internal characteristics(果实内部特征)
Pulp color(果肉顔色) Dark red(暗红)
Seeds(籽感) Felt, few(可感,少)
Organoleptic evaluation(感官评价)
Texture(质地) Melts in the mouth(糯)
Sugar(糖度) Very sweet(非常甜)
Taste(风味) Excellent(极佳)
Perfume(香味) Strong(强烈)
Organoleptic descriptors(感官描述) Fruity, Black Mulberry, Strawberry, Sweet(带有
水果、桑椹和草莓的甜味)
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