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Published on 12/04/19发表于 2019年12月4日 Once thought immune, researchers find that muscadines can suffernematode damage 研究人员发现，曾经被认为免疫的圆叶葡萄容易遭受线虫侵害 By Chad Cain for CAESNews 由乍得凯恩为CAES新闻撰稿 Muscadines are often recognized fortheir disease and insect resistance, but recent research has shown that theSouth’s native grapes are vulnerable to parasitic nematodes. 马斯卡丁斯通常因其抗病和抗虫性而得到认可，但最近的研究表明，南方的本地马斯卡丁斯葡萄容易受到寄生线虫的侵害。 Vineyard owners have long known thatEuropean grape varieties are vulnerable to nematodes, but a new joint surveyconducted by scientists at the University of Georgia and North Carolina StateUniversity shows that plant-parasitic nematodes also affect Georgia’s nativegrape crop, muscadines. 葡萄园主早就知道欧洲葡萄品种容易受到线虫的侵害，但佐治亚大学和北卡罗来纳州立大学的科学家们进行的一项最新联合调查显示，植物寄生线虫也会影响佐治亚州本地葡萄作物——马斯卡丁。 “It was one of the black boxes that wehadn’t looked into before,” said Phil Brannen, a professor in the Department ofPlant Pathology. “As we started to look at the nematodes that were affectingthe other grapes we’re starting to plant in Georgia, we thought, ‘Well, wewonder what the population of nematodes are like in muscadines.’” 植物病理学系教授菲尔·布兰宁说："这是我们以前没有研究过的黑匣子之一。"当我们开始观察影响我们在佐治亚州开始种植的其他葡萄的线虫时，我们想，'嗯，我们想知道在马斯卡丁斯上线虫的数量是怎样的。" The findings shouldn’t set off alarmbells for muscadine farmers, but it’s something they need to be aware of,especially if they are replanting vineyards. 这些发现还不足于应给葡萄种植者敲响警钟，但这也是他们需要关注的，特别是如果他们正在重新种植葡萄园的话。 "We're not telling anyone to doanything right now," Brannen said. "In most cases, we don’t thinkthey're causing problems. However, I would take nematode samples prior toplanting muscadines, especially in replants.” "我们现在不告诉任何人做任何事，"布兰宁说。"在大多数情况下，我们不认为它们会造成问题。然而，我会在种植圆叶葡萄之前采集线虫样本，特别是在重新种植中。 Muscadines are known for their toughskin, which protects them from many different fungal diseases that would otherwiseaffect the crop. European bunch grapes are much more susceptible to damage fromfungal diseases and nematodes. Nematodes are microscopic worms that can affectthe health and quality of the grapes, as well as their production andmaintenance. 马斯卡丁以其坚硬的表皮而闻名，保护它们免受许多不同的真菌疾病，否则会影响作物。欧洲的葡萄更容易受到真菌病和线虫的损害。线虫是微小的蠕虫，可以影响葡萄的健康和质量，以及它们的生产和维护。 Because of the relative diseaseresistance of muscadines, people had assumed that muscadines didn't harbornematodes, but that belief wasn’t really based on research, Brannen said. 布兰宁说，由于马斯卡丁的相对抗病性，人们以为圆叶葡萄（粘膜）不含有线虫，但这种信念并不是真正基于研究。 The fact that nematodes have been foundto affect muscadine grapes may change the outlook on production in the state. 线虫被发现影响葡萄土壤的事实可能会改变该州的生产前景。 The scientists conducted the survey inAugust and October 2018. They tested 19 vineyards in Georgia and North Carolinawhere they discovered seven types of nematodes: root-knot, ring, stunt, spiral,stubby-root, lesion and dagger nematodes, Brannen said. 科学家们在2018年8月和10月进行了这项调查。布兰宁说，他们在佐治亚州和北卡罗来纳州测试了19个葡萄园，在那里他们发现了七种线虫：根结、环、特技、螺旋、根根、病变和短剑线虫。 The populations found differed betweenGeorgia and North Carolina, suggesting that the vineyard management strategiesmay differ between the two states. 调查发现佐治亚州和北卡罗来纳州线虫的密度不同，这表明两个州之间的葡萄园管理策略可能有所不同。 Native to the southeastern U.S.,muscadines are often considered a “super fruit,” Brannen said. They haveextremely high levels of resveratrol, phenols and antioxidants, giving them theability to help fight cancer-causing agents and even cardiovascular disease. 布兰宁说，马斯卡丁斯原产于美国东南部，通常被认为是一种"超级水果"。它们具有极高水平的白藜芦醇、酚类和抗氧化剂，能够帮助对抗致癌剂甚至心血管疾病。 Muscadine grapes have combined sales of$5.2 million in Georgia and North Carolina, making them economically importantto the two states, Brannen said. They are often used in small farm-basedbusinesses to make pies, juices, jams and wine. 布兰宁说，马斯卡丁葡萄在佐治亚州和北卡罗来纳州的总销售额为520万美元，因此它们在经济上对两个州都很重要。它们经常用于小型农场企业，生产馅饼、果汁、果酱和葡萄酒。 “In the future, we would like to doseveral things,” Brannen said. “Among those, it would be really important toactually put out some nematicides, especially in replant scenarios, where weknow populations of nematodes are high and to see what kind of an impact thenematicide has on the growth and possibly even the yield of the plants." "将来，我们想做几件事，"布兰宁说。在这些情况下，真正提出一些神经杀虫剂非常重要，尤其是在重新种植的情况下，我们知道线虫的数量很高，并了解线虫剂对植物的生长甚至产量产生了什么样的影响。 Because muscadine grapes are animportant crop in so many states, Brannen's next step in the research will beto identify if, and to what extent, nematodes may negatively affect themuscadine crop yield and what sort of management strategies may help inproduction. 由于葡萄是许多州的重要作物，Brannen 研究的下一步将是确定线虫是否会在多大程度上对葡萄作物产量产生负面影响，以及什么样的管理策略可能有助于生产。 2021-11-4海风阁译
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